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Development of a fan-stirred constant volume combustion chamber and turbulence measurement with PIV

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 973-987 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0762-z

摘要： A fan-stirred combustion chamber is deve-loped for spherically expanding flames, with P and T up to 10 bar and 473 K, respectively. Turbulence characteristics are estimated using particle image velocimetry (PIV) at different initial pressures (P = 0.5–5 bar), fan frequencies (ω = 0–2000 r/min), and impeller diameters (D = 100 and 114 mm). The flame propagation of methanol/air is investigated at different turbulence intensities (u′=0–1.77 m/s) and equivalence ratios (φ = 0.7–1.5). The results show that u′ is independent of P and proportional to ω, which can be up to 3.5 m/s at 2000 r/min. LT is independent of P and performs a power regression with ω approximately. The turbulent field is homogeneous and isotropic in the central region of the chamber while the inertial subrange of spatial energy spectrum is more collapsed to –5/3 law at a high ReT. Compared to laminar expanding flames, the morpho-logy of turbulent expanding flames is wrinkled and the wrinkles will be finer with the growth of turbulence intensity, consistent with the decline of the Taylor scale and the Kolmogorov scale. The determined SL in the present study is in good agreement with that of previous literature. The SL and ST of methanol/air have a non-monotonic trend with φ while peak ST is shifted to the richer side compared to SL. This indicates that the newly built turbulent combustion chamber is reliable for further experimental study.

关键词： fan-stirred combustion chamber     turbulence characteristics     particle image velocimetry (PIV)     methanol     turbulent expanding flames    

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Effect of heat transfer space non-uniformity of combustion chamber components on in-cylinder heat transfer

Jizu LV, Minli BAI, Long ZHOU, Jian ZHOU,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 392-401 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0066-1

摘要： Combustion chamber components (cylinder head-cylinder liner-piston assembly-oil film) were treated as a coupled body. Based on the three-dimensional numerical simulation of the heat transfer of the coupled body, a coupled three-dimensional calculation model for the in-cylinder working process and the combustion chamber components was built with domain decomposition and boundary coupling method, which adopts the coupled three-dimensional simulation of in-cylinder working process and the combustion chamber components. The model was applied in the investigation of the influence of space non-uniformity in heat transfer among combustion chamber components on in-cylinder heat transfer. The results show that the effect of wall temperature space non-uniform distribution of combustion chamber components on heat transfer happens mainly at the end of the compression stroke and expansion stroke. Therefore, it can be concluded that wall temperature space non-uniform distribution of combustion chamber components would influence heat transfer during the intake and exhaust stroke obviously.

关键词： heat transfer     space non-uniformity     soot emission     in-cylinder     diesel    

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Experimental investigations on combustion characteristics of syngas composed of CH

Qingwei FAN, Shien HUI, Qulan ZHOU, Qinxin ZHAO, Tongmo XU

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 404-410 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0513-x

摘要： The residual gas and remained raw gas in dual gas resources polygeneration system are quite complex in components (mainly CH , CO, and H ), and these results to the distinguished differences in combustion reaction. Experimental investigations on basic combustion characteristics of syngas referred above are conducted on a laboratory-scale combustor with flame temperature and flue gas composition measured and analyzed. Primary air coefficient (PA), total air coefficient (TA), and components of the syngas (CS) are selected as key factors, and it is found that PA dominates mostly the ignition of syngas and NO formation, while TA affects the flue gas temperature after high temperature region and NO formation trend to be positive as H /CO components increase. The results provide references for industrial utilization.

关键词： dual gas resources polygeneration     lean premixed combustion     residual gas     remained raw gas     NOx emission    

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Fundamental influences of particles on stirred and unstirred venting processes of foaming systems

Henrik LEIMEISTER,Jörg STEINBACH

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 141-148 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1423-0

摘要： Venting is the common safety measure to protect plant equipment against excessive overpressure. So far, scenarios in which particles were part of the system and should have been accounted for did ignore their presence; the scenarios were treated like a two-phase system. Current research shows that particles can have a major influence on the venting behaviour. Experimental results indicate that particles affect level swell and relief flow especially of foamy systems. Based on those results four different layers of influence of the particle have been identified and are presented in a first model. Based on this model recommendations for the development of new and more complex models are given.

关键词： venting     multi-phase    

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An experimental study on spray auto-ignition of RP-3 jet fuel and its surrogates

Yaozong DUAN, Wang LIU, Zhen HUANG, Dong HAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 396-404 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0715-y

摘要： Jet fuel is widely used in air transportation, and sometimes for special vehicles in ground transportation. In the latter case, fuel spray auto-ignition behavior is an important index for engine operation reliability. Surrogate fuel is usually used for fundamental combustion study due to the complex composition of practical fuels. As for jet fuels, two-component or three-component surrogate is usually selected to emulate practical fuels. The spray auto-ignition characteristics of RP-3 jet fuel and its three surrogates, the 70% mol -decane/30% mol 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene blend (Surrogate 1), the 51% mol -decane/49% mol 1, 2, 4-trimethylbenzene blend (Surrogate 2), and the 49.8% mol -dodecane/21.6% mol -cetane/28.6% mol toluene blend (Surrogate 3) were studied in a heated constant volume combustion chamber. Surrogate 1 and Surrogate 2 possess the same components, but their blending percentages are different, as the two surrogates were designed to capture the H/C ratio (Surrogate 1) and DCN (Surrogate 2) of RP-3 jet fuel, respectively. Surrogate 3 could emulate more physiochemical properties of RP-3 jet fuel, including molecular weight, H/C ratio and DCN. Experimental results indicate that Surrogate 1 overestimates the auto-ignition propensity of RP-3 jet fuel, whereas Surrogates 2 and 3 show quite similar auto-ignition propensity with RP-3 jet fuel. Therefore, to capture the spray auto-ignition behaviors, DCN is the most important parameter to match when designing the surrogate formulation. However, as the ambient temperature changes, the surrogates matching DCN may still show some differences from the RP-3 jet fuel, e.g., the first-stage heat release influenced by low-temperature chemistry.

关键词： RP-3 jet fuel     surrogate     spray auto-ignition     constant volume combustion chamber    

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Fermentative hydrogen production from beet sugar factory wastewater treatment in a continuous stirred

Gefu ZHU, Chaoxiang LIU, Jianzheng LI, Nanqi REN, Lin LIU, Xu HUANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 143-150 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0456-1

摘要： A low pH, ethanol-type fermentation process was evaluated for wastewater treatment and bio-hydrogen production from acidic beet sugar factory wastewater in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with an effective volume of 9.6 L by anaerobic mixed cultures in this present study. After inoculating with aerobic activated sludge and operating at organic loading rate (OLR) of 12 kgCOD?m ·d , HRT of 8h, and temperature of 35°C for 28 days, the CSTR achieved stable ethanol-type fermentation. When OLR was further increased to 18 kgCOD?m ·d on the 53rd day, ethanol-type fermentation dominant microflora was enhanced. The liquid fermentation products, including volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ethanol, stabilized at 1493 mg·L in the bioreactor. Effluent pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and alkalinity ranged at 4.1–4.5, -250–(-290) mV, and 230–260 mgCaCO ?L . The specific hydrogen production rate of anaerobic activated sludge was 0.1 L?gMLVSS ·d and the COD removal efficiency was 45%. The experimental results showed that the CSTR system had good operation stability and microbial activity, which led to high substrate conversion rate and hydrogen production ability.

关键词： fermentative hydrogen production     continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR)     specific hydrogen production rate     beet sugar factory wastewater     ethanol-type fermentation    

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Numerical simulation of fluid dynamics in the stirred tank by the SSG Reynolds Stress Model

Nana QI, Hui WANG, Kai ZHANG, Hu ZHANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 506-514 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0508-7

摘要： The Speziale, Sarkar and Gatski Reynolds Stress Model (SSG RSM) is utilized to simulate the fluid dynamics in a full baffled stirred tank with a Rushton turbine impeller. Four levels of grid resolutions are chosen to determine an optimised number of grids for further simulations. CFD model data in terms of the flow field, trailing vortex, and the power number are compared with published experimental results. The comparison shows that the global fluid dynamics throughout the stirred tank and the local characteristics of trailing vortices near the blade tips can be captured by the SSG RSM. The predicted mean velocity components in axial, radial and tangential direction are also in good agreement with experiment data. The power number predicted is quite close to the designed value, which demonstrates that this model can accurately calculate the power number in the stirred tank. Therefore, the simulation by using a combination of SSG RSM and MRF impeller rotational model can accurately model turbulent fluid flow in the stirred tank, and it offers an alternative method for design and optimisation of stirred tanks.

关键词： stirred tank     fluid dynamics     numerical simulation     SSG Reynolds Stress Model     MRF    

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Atmospheric heterogeneous reaction of chlorobenzene on mineral -FeO particulates: a chamber experiment

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1734-9

摘要：

● Photochemical conversion of chlorobenzene (CB) on α-Fe2O3 was evaluated.

关键词： Photochemical conversion     Chlorobenzene     α-Fe2O3     PCDD/Fs     Mineral particulate    

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Pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition of methane/air mixtures with multiple orifices in a large bore constantvolume chamber: effect of air-fuel equivalence ratio and pre-mixed pressure

Xiang LI, Wenzheng ZHANG, Zhong HUANG, Dehao JU, Li HUANG, Mingzhi FENG, Xingcai LU, Zhen HUANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第3期   页码 483-493 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0631-1

摘要： Liquefied natural gas (LNG), mainly composed of methane, is in progress to substitute diesel fuel in heavy-duty marine engine for practical, economic, and environmental considerations. However, natural gas is relatively difficult to be ignited in a large bore combustion chamber. A combustion enhancement technique called pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition (TJI) can permit combustion and flame propagation in a large-bore volume. To investigate the effect of air-fuel equivalence ratio and pre-mixed pressure on pre-chamber TJI of methane/air mixtures with multiple orifices in a large bore volume, experimental tests and computational simulations were implemented to study the discharge of hot turbulent jets from six orifices of the pre-chamber. Different initial pressures and air-fuel equivalence ratios were considered to analyze the characteristics of TJI. The asymmetry of the turbulent jet actuated from six different orifices were found due to the asymmetric orientation of the spark plug, resulting in the inhomogeneous distribution of combustion in the constant volume chamber, which should be considered seriously in the marine engine design. Besides, as the premixed pressure increases, it has more effect on the flame propagation and plays a more important role, as it further increases.

关键词： marine engine     natural gas     methane     turbulent jet ignition (TJI)     pre-chamber    

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investigation of the influence of kinetics and shape factor on barium sulfate precipitation in a continuous stirred

Zheng WANG, Zai-Sha MAO, Chao YANG, Qinghua ZHANG, Jingcai CHENG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 272-281 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0023-x

摘要： The effect of kinetics and shape factor on barium sulfate precipitation in a continuous stirred tank has been investigated numerically through solving the standard momentum and mass transport equations in combination with the moment equations for crystal population balance. The numerical method was validated with the literature data. The simulated results include the distribution of the local supersaturation ratio in the reactor, the mean crystal size, and the coefficient of variation. The simulation results show that the value of shape factor used in the model affected greatly the mean crystal size and the moments of the crystal size distribution. The influence of the kinetic expressions on the simulation is also analyzed. It is important to investigate the relationship of the shape factor with the precipitator type and other operation conditions to obtain reliable simulation results and suitable kinetic equations of crystal nucleation and growth rates.

关键词： stirred tank     numerical simulation     precipitation     shape factor     crystal kinetics    

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A novel flow electrode capacitive deionization device with spindle-shaped desalting chamber

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-024-1800-y

摘要：

● A spindle-shaped influent chamber was designed and equipped in FCDI system.

关键词： Spindle-shaped chamber     Desalination performance     Flow electrode capacitive deionization    

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Mercury emission and adsorption characteristics of fly ash in PC and CFB boilers

Li JIA, Baoguo FAN, Xianrong ZHENG, Xiaolei QIAO, Yuxing YAO, Rui ZHAO, Jinrong GUO, Yan JIN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 112-123 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0682-3

摘要： The mercury emission was obtained by measuring the mercury contents in flue gas and solid samples in pulverized coal (PC) and circulating fluidized bed (CFB) utility boilers. The relationship was obtained between the mercury emission and adsorption characteristics of fly ash. The parameters included unburned carbon content, particle size, and pore structure of fly ash. The results showed that the majority of mercury released to the atmosphere with the flue gas in PC boiler, while the mercury was enriched in fly ash and captured by the precipitator in CFB boiler. The coal factor was proposed to characterize the impact of coal property on mercury emissions in this paper. As the coal factor increased, the mercury emission to the atmosphere decreased. It was also found that the mercury content of fly ash in the CFB boiler was ten times higher than that in the PC boiler. As the unburned carbon content increased, the mercury adsorbed increased. The capacity of adsorbing mercury by fly ash was directly related to the particle size. The particle size corresponding to the highest content of mercury, which was about 560 ng/g, appeared in the range from 77.5 to 106 µm. The content of mesoporous (4–6 nm) of the fly ash in the particle size of 77.5–106 µm was the highest, which was beneficial to adsorbing the mercury. The specific surface area played a more significant role than specific pore volume in the mercury adsorption process.

关键词： mercury     combustion modes     coal property     fly ash     particle size    

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Properties of La1-xCexCoO3 system perovskite-type catalysts for diesel engine exhaust removal

GONG Cairong, FAN Guoliang, HOU Yanfeng, ZHANG Zhongrong, SONG Chonglin, HUANG Qifei

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第1期   页码 6-10 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0002-z

摘要： A series of complex oxide LaCeCoO catalysts was synthesized at a low temperature through a combustion process, in which x is among 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 corresponding to the quantity of La partial substitution by Ce. The catalysts were characterized for phase composition using chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction. The catalytic activity of the catalysts in removal of NO, total hydrocarbon (THC) and particulate matter (PM) from diesel exhaust gases were examined in detail using temperature-programmed reaction technique. The results show that after partial substitution of La with Ce, the oxygen vacancy concentration increases significantly and a Co-Co system is formed. Consequently, the catalytic activity in the removal of THC and NO is significantly improved. But for the PM, the effect is not so obvious. The possible catalytic mechanism for this was presented. It is also worth noting that the doped catalysts showed good stability.

关键词： catalytic mechanism     combustion     corresponding     LaCeCoO     catalytic activity    

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A logic-based controller for the mitigation of ventilation air methane in a catalytic flow reversal reactor

Zhikai LI, Zhangfeng QIN, Yagang ZHANG, Zhiwei WU, Hui WANG, Shuna LI, Mei DONG, Weibin FAN, Jianguo

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 347-356 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1347-0

摘要： The control system of a catalytic flow reversal reactor (CFRR) for the mitigation of ventilation air methane was investigated. A one-dimensional heterogeneous model with a logic-based controller was applied to simulate the CFRR. The simulation results indicated that the controller developed in this work performs well under normal conditions. Air dilution and auxiliary methane injection are effective to avoid the catalyst overheating and reaction extinction caused by prolonged rich and lean feed conditions, respectively. In contrast, the reactor is prone to lose control by adjusting the switching time solely. Air dilution exhibits the effects of two contradictory aspects on the operation of CFRR, i.e., cooling the bed and accumulating heat, though the former is in general more prominent. Lowering the reference temperature for flow reversal can decrease the bed temperature and benefit stable operation under rich methane feed condition.

关键词： ventilation air methane     reverse flow reactor     lean methane combustion     logic-based controller     mathematical modeling    

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氨能应用现状与前景展望

雍瑞生 ,杨川箬 ,薛明 ,聂凡 ,赵兴雷

《中国工程科学》 2023年 第25卷 第2期   页码 111-121 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.02.014

摘要：

氨能具有对化石能源的替代潜力且与可再生能源关系密切，推广应用氨能对我国能源未来发展具有重要价值。本文从氨的储能属性、燃料属性以及产业基础条件的角度分析了发展氨能的战略意义，从氨内燃机、氨燃气轮机、燃氨锅炉、氨 ‒氢燃料电池4 个方面梳理了氨能应用现状，总结了合成氨产业现状、氨能产业发展趋势、氨能产业国内外发展规划等产业建设及研究进展。展望我国氨能产业发展，可分阶段稳步推进：加强新型绿氨合成技术攻关，完善法律法规和碳市场机制，实施绿氨示范项目；形成具有自主知识产权的氨能技术体系，构建低成本氨能供应链、高效率氨能利用链，开展规模化应用推广；按照“绿色制氨 ‒ 经济运氨 ‒ 零碳用氨”的绿色循环经济路线，重塑氨能产业结构，支持“双碳”战略目标。

关键词： 零碳燃料；氨能；储能；燃烧    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Development of a fan-stirred constant volume combustion chamber and turbulence measurement with PIV

期刊论文

Effect of heat transfer space non-uniformity of combustion chamber components on in-cylinder heat transfer

Jizu LV, Minli BAI, Long ZHOU, Jian ZHOU,

期刊论文

Experimental investigations on combustion characteristics of syngas composed of CH

Qingwei FAN, Shien HUI, Qulan ZHOU, Qinxin ZHAO, Tongmo XU

期刊论文

Fundamental influences of particles on stirred and unstirred venting processes of foaming systems

Henrik LEIMEISTER,Jörg STEINBACH

期刊论文

An experimental study on spray auto-ignition of RP-3 jet fuel and its surrogates

Yaozong DUAN, Wang LIU, Zhen HUANG, Dong HAN

期刊论文

Fermentative hydrogen production from beet sugar factory wastewater treatment in a continuous stirred

Gefu ZHU, Chaoxiang LIU, Jianzheng LI, Nanqi REN, Lin LIU, Xu HUANG

期刊论文

Numerical simulation of fluid dynamics in the stirred tank by the SSG Reynolds Stress Model

Nana QI, Hui WANG, Kai ZHANG, Hu ZHANG

期刊论文

Atmospheric heterogeneous reaction of chlorobenzene on mineral -FeO particulates: a chamber experiment

期刊论文

Pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition of methane/air mixtures with multiple orifices in a large bore constantvolume chamber: effect of air-fuel equivalence ratio and pre-mixed pressure

Xiang LI, Wenzheng ZHANG, Zhong HUANG, Dehao JU, Li HUANG, Mingzhi FENG, Xingcai LU, Zhen HUANG

期刊论文

investigation of the influence of kinetics and shape factor on barium sulfate precipitation in a continuous stirred

Zheng WANG, Zai-Sha MAO, Chao YANG, Qinghua ZHANG, Jingcai CHENG

期刊论文

A novel flow electrode capacitive deionization device with spindle-shaped desalting chamber

期刊论文

Mercury emission and adsorption characteristics of fly ash in PC and CFB boilers

Li JIA, Baoguo FAN, Xianrong ZHENG, Xiaolei QIAO, Yuxing YAO, Rui ZHAO, Jinrong GUO, Yan JIN

期刊论文

Properties of La1-xCexCoO3 system perovskite-type catalysts for diesel engine exhaust removal

GONG Cairong, FAN Guoliang, HOU Yanfeng, ZHANG Zhongrong, SONG Chonglin, HUANG Qifei

期刊论文

A logic-based controller for the mitigation of ventilation air methane in a catalytic flow reversal reactor

Zhikai LI, Zhangfeng QIN, Yagang ZHANG, Zhiwei WU, Hui WANG, Shuna LI, Mei DONG, Weibin FAN, Jianguo

期刊论文

氨能应用现状与前景展望

雍瑞生 ,杨川箬 ,薛明 ,聂凡 ,赵兴雷

期刊论文